Recombinant:Article Title: De novo recovery of Ghana virus, an African bat Henipavirus, reveals differential tropism and attenuated pathogenicity compared to Nipah virus.
Article Snippet: .. Recombinant Nipah Virus encoding GhVRBP (rNiV GhV-RBP ) GLuc-P2A-eGFP reporter This study Constructed in-house based on Malaysia strain UMMC1 (GenBank: AY029767.1) and GhV strain Eid_hel/GH-M74a/GHA/2009 (NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_025256.1) Biological samples Primary human astrocytes (HAs) ScienCell Research laboratories Cat# 1800 Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) ScienCell Research laboratories Cat# 8000 Primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) ScienCell Research laboratories Cat# 1000 Primary human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) Lonza Bioscience Cat# CC-2547 Primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBECs) Lonza Bioscience Cat# CC-2540 Primary porcine kidney epithelial cells (PPKECs) CellBiologics Cat# P-6034 Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins EIDD-2749 (4 ′ -Fluorouridine) MedChemExpress Cat# HY-146246 GHP-88309 Sigma Aldrich Cat# SML2997 EIDD-1931 (β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine; NHC) MedChemExpress Cat# HY-125033 Remdesivir (GS-5734) MedChemExpress Cat# HY-104077 Favipiravir (T-705) Cellagen Technology Cat# C8705-5 Recombinant Human IFN-beta Protein R&D Systems Cat# 8499-IF Critical commercial assays Pierce TM Gaussia Luciferase Glow Assay Kit Thermo Scientific Cat# 16161 Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat# E2940 Nano-Glo® HiBiT Lytic Detection System Promega Cat# N3040 (Continued on next page) 16 Cell Reports 45, 117074, March 24, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Direct-zol TM RNA Miniprep Kit Zymo Research Cat# R2052 Direct RNA Sequencing Kit Oxford Nanopore Technologies Cat# SQK-RNA004 Deposited data Whole-genome sequencing of rGhV M-GS * stocks This study NCBI BioProject: PRJNA1284405 Direct RNA sequencing (Nanopore) of rGhV M-GS * infected CHO-B2 cells This study NCBI BioProject: PRJNA1307648 Numerical data underlying figures This study Mendeley Data: https://doi.org/10.17632/ rjgcxt4cxr.1 Experimental models: cell lines BSR-T7/5 Karl-Klaus Conzelmann RRID:CVCL_RW96 Vero CCL-81 ATCC Cat# CCL-81; RRID:CVCL_0059 HEK-293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 BKT1 Maeda et al., 2008 RRID:CVCL_YZ67 FBKT1 Maeda et al., 2008 RRID: CVCL_YZ69 ZFBK11-97 Maruyama et al., 2014 RRID: CVCL_YZ74 ZFBS13-75A Maruyama et al., 2016 RRID: CVCL_YZ77 EidNi/41.2 Susanne et al., 2011 RRID:CVCL_RX13 ZFBK13-75 van Tol et al., 2023 N/A CHO-B2 Negrete et al., 2006 N/A CHO-B3 Negrete et al., 2006 N/A Experimental models: organisms/strains Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Envigo N/A Oligonucleotides EFNB2 Primer for RT-qPCR (Forward) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -AGGGACTCCGTGTGGAAGTA-3 ′ EFNB2 Primer for RT-qPCR (Reverse) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -AGAGTCCACTTTGGGGCAAAT-3 ′ EFNB3 Primer for RT-qPCR (Forward) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -TCTCCGCTTCACCATCAAGT-3 ′ EFNB3 Primer for RT-qPCR (Reverse) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -TCGGAGAAGCACCTTCATGC-3 ′ GAPDH Primer for RT-qPCR (Forward) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -TCAAGGGCATCCTGGGCTA-3 ′ GAPDH Primer for RT-qPCR (Reverse) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -ACCACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCAA-3 ′ Recombinant DNA Recombinant Ghana virus reverse genetics plasmids (N, P, L, and antigenome constructs) This study GenBank: PX138233-PX138236 Codon-optimized T7 RNA polyermase Yun et al., 2015 Addgene #65974 Software and algorithms GraphPad Prism 10.3.1 GraphPad Software https://www.graphpad.com/ UCSF ChimeraX UCSF https://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimerax/ ImageJ ImageJ https://imagej.net/ij/ MEGA X MEGA https://www.megasoftware.net/ AlphaFold3 Server Google DeepMind and Isomorphic Labs https://alphafoldserver.com/ MinKNOW 24.11.8 Oxford Nanopore Technologies https://nanoporetech.com/document/ experiment-companion-minknow Dorado (basecalling) Oxford Nanopore Technologies Release 7.6.7 Minimap2 Li et al., 2018 https://github.com/lh3/minimap2 SAMtools Danecek er al., 2021 https://www.htslib.org/ FlowJo v10.9.0 BD Biosciences https://www.flowjo.com/ (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117074, March 24, 2026 17
Virus:Article Title: De novo recovery of Ghana virus, an African bat Henipavirus, reveals differential tropism and attenuated pathogenicity compared to Nipah virus.
Article Snippet: .. Recombinant Nipah Virus encoding GhVRBP (rNiV GhV-RBP ) GLuc-P2A-eGFP reporter This study Constructed in-house based on Malaysia strain UMMC1 (GenBank: AY029767.1) and GhV strain Eid_hel/GH-M74a/GHA/2009 (NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_025256.1) Biological samples Primary human astrocytes (HAs) ScienCell Research laboratories Cat# 1800 Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) ScienCell Research laboratories Cat# 8000 Primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) ScienCell Research laboratories Cat# 1000 Primary human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) Lonza Bioscience Cat# CC-2547 Primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBECs) Lonza Bioscience Cat# CC-2540 Primary porcine kidney epithelial cells (PPKECs) CellBiologics Cat# P-6034 Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins EIDD-2749 (4 ′ -Fluorouridine) MedChemExpress Cat# HY-146246 GHP-88309 Sigma Aldrich Cat# SML2997 EIDD-1931 (β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine; NHC) MedChemExpress Cat# HY-125033 Remdesivir (GS-5734) MedChemExpress Cat# HY-104077 Favipiravir (T-705) Cellagen Technology Cat# C8705-5 Recombinant Human IFN-beta Protein R&D Systems Cat# 8499-IF Critical commercial assays Pierce TM Gaussia Luciferase Glow Assay Kit Thermo Scientific Cat# 16161 Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat# E2940 Nano-Glo® HiBiT Lytic Detection System Promega Cat# N3040 (Continued on next page) 16 Cell Reports 45, 117074, March 24, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Direct-zol TM RNA Miniprep Kit Zymo Research Cat# R2052 Direct RNA Sequencing Kit Oxford Nanopore Technologies Cat# SQK-RNA004 Deposited data Whole-genome sequencing of rGhV M-GS * stocks This study NCBI BioProject: PRJNA1284405 Direct RNA sequencing (Nanopore) of rGhV M-GS * infected CHO-B2 cells This study NCBI BioProject: PRJNA1307648 Numerical data underlying figures This study Mendeley Data: https://doi.org/10.17632/ rjgcxt4cxr.1 Experimental models: cell lines BSR-T7/5 Karl-Klaus Conzelmann RRID:CVCL_RW96 Vero CCL-81 ATCC Cat# CCL-81; RRID:CVCL_0059 HEK-293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 BKT1 Maeda et al., 2008 RRID:CVCL_YZ67 FBKT1 Maeda et al., 2008 RRID: CVCL_YZ69 ZFBK11-97 Maruyama et al., 2014 RRID: CVCL_YZ74 ZFBS13-75A Maruyama et al., 2016 RRID: CVCL_YZ77 EidNi/41.2 Susanne et al., 2011 RRID:CVCL_RX13 ZFBK13-75 van Tol et al., 2023 N/A CHO-B2 Negrete et al., 2006 N/A CHO-B3 Negrete et al., 2006 N/A Experimental models: organisms/strains Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Envigo N/A Oligonucleotides EFNB2 Primer for RT-qPCR (Forward) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -AGGGACTCCGTGTGGAAGTA-3 ′ EFNB2 Primer for RT-qPCR (Reverse) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -AGAGTCCACTTTGGGGCAAAT-3 ′ EFNB3 Primer for RT-qPCR (Forward) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -TCTCCGCTTCACCATCAAGT-3 ′ EFNB3 Primer for RT-qPCR (Reverse) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -TCGGAGAAGCACCTTCATGC-3 ′ GAPDH Primer for RT-qPCR (Forward) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -TCAAGGGCATCCTGGGCTA-3 ′ GAPDH Primer for RT-qPCR (Reverse) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -ACCACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCAA-3 ′ Recombinant DNA Recombinant Ghana virus reverse genetics plasmids (N, P, L, and antigenome constructs) This study GenBank: PX138233-PX138236 Codon-optimized T7 RNA polyermase Yun et al., 2015 Addgene #65974 Software and algorithms GraphPad Prism 10.3.1 GraphPad Software https://www.graphpad.com/ UCSF ChimeraX UCSF https://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimerax/ ImageJ ImageJ https://imagej.net/ij/ MEGA X MEGA https://www.megasoftware.net/ AlphaFold3 Server Google DeepMind and Isomorphic Labs https://alphafoldserver.com/ MinKNOW 24.11.8 Oxford Nanopore Technologies https://nanoporetech.com/document/ experiment-companion-minknow Dorado (basecalling) Oxford Nanopore Technologies Release 7.6.7 Minimap2 Li et al., 2018 https://github.com/lh3/minimap2 SAMtools Danecek er al., 2021 https://www.htslib.org/ FlowJo v10.9.0 BD Biosciences https://www.flowjo.com/ (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117074, March 24, 2026 17
Construct:Article Title: De novo recovery of Ghana virus, an African bat Henipavirus, reveals differential tropism and attenuated pathogenicity compared to Nipah virus.
Article Snippet: .. Recombinant Nipah Virus encoding GhVRBP (rNiV GhV-RBP ) GLuc-P2A-eGFP reporter This study Constructed in-house based on Malaysia strain UMMC1 (GenBank: AY029767.1) and GhV strain Eid_hel/GH-M74a/GHA/2009 (NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_025256.1) Biological samples Primary human astrocytes (HAs) ScienCell Research laboratories Cat# 1800 Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) ScienCell Research laboratories Cat# 8000 Primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) ScienCell Research laboratories Cat# 1000 Primary human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) Lonza Bioscience Cat# CC-2547 Primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBECs) Lonza Bioscience Cat# CC-2540 Primary porcine kidney epithelial cells (PPKECs) CellBiologics Cat# P-6034 Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins EIDD-2749 (4 ′ -Fluorouridine) MedChemExpress Cat# HY-146246 GHP-88309 Sigma Aldrich Cat# SML2997 EIDD-1931 (β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine; NHC) MedChemExpress Cat# HY-125033 Remdesivir (GS-5734) MedChemExpress Cat# HY-104077 Favipiravir (T-705) Cellagen Technology Cat# C8705-5 Recombinant Human IFN-beta Protein R&D Systems Cat# 8499-IF Critical commercial assays Pierce TM Gaussia Luciferase Glow Assay Kit Thermo Scientific Cat# 16161 Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat# E2940 Nano-Glo® HiBiT Lytic Detection System Promega Cat# N3040 (Continued on next page) 16 Cell Reports 45, 117074, March 24, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Direct-zol TM RNA Miniprep Kit Zymo Research Cat# R2052 Direct RNA Sequencing Kit Oxford Nanopore Technologies Cat# SQK-RNA004 Deposited data Whole-genome sequencing of rGhV M-GS * stocks This study NCBI BioProject: PRJNA1284405 Direct RNA sequencing (Nanopore) of rGhV M-GS * infected CHO-B2 cells This study NCBI BioProject: PRJNA1307648 Numerical data underlying figures This study Mendeley Data: https://doi.org/10.17632/ rjgcxt4cxr.1 Experimental models: cell lines BSR-T7/5 Karl-Klaus Conzelmann RRID:CVCL_RW96 Vero CCL-81 ATCC Cat# CCL-81; RRID:CVCL_0059 HEK-293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 BKT1 Maeda et al., 2008 RRID:CVCL_YZ67 FBKT1 Maeda et al., 2008 RRID: CVCL_YZ69 ZFBK11-97 Maruyama et al., 2014 RRID: CVCL_YZ74 ZFBS13-75A Maruyama et al., 2016 RRID: CVCL_YZ77 EidNi/41.2 Susanne et al., 2011 RRID:CVCL_RX13 ZFBK13-75 van Tol et al., 2023 N/A CHO-B2 Negrete et al., 2006 N/A CHO-B3 Negrete et al., 2006 N/A Experimental models: organisms/strains Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Envigo N/A Oligonucleotides EFNB2 Primer for RT-qPCR (Forward) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -AGGGACTCCGTGTGGAAGTA-3 ′ EFNB2 Primer for RT-qPCR (Reverse) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -AGAGTCCACTTTGGGGCAAAT-3 ′ EFNB3 Primer for RT-qPCR (Forward) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -TCTCCGCTTCACCATCAAGT-3 ′ EFNB3 Primer for RT-qPCR (Reverse) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -TCGGAGAAGCACCTTCATGC-3 ′ GAPDH Primer for RT-qPCR (Forward) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -TCAAGGGCATCCTGGGCTA-3 ′ GAPDH Primer for RT-qPCR (Reverse) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -ACCACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCAA-3 ′ Recombinant DNA Recombinant Ghana virus reverse genetics plasmids (N, P, L, and antigenome constructs) This study GenBank: PX138233-PX138236 Codon-optimized T7 RNA polyermase Yun et al., 2015 Addgene #65974 Software and algorithms GraphPad Prism 10.3.1 GraphPad Software https://www.graphpad.com/ UCSF ChimeraX UCSF https://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimerax/ ImageJ ImageJ https://imagej.net/ij/ MEGA X MEGA https://www.megasoftware.net/ AlphaFold3 Server Google DeepMind and Isomorphic Labs https://alphafoldserver.com/ MinKNOW 24.11.8 Oxford Nanopore Technologies https://nanoporetech.com/document/ experiment-companion-minknow Dorado (basecalling) Oxford Nanopore Technologies Release 7.6.7 Minimap2 Li et al., 2018 https://github.com/lh3/minimap2 SAMtools Danecek er al., 2021 https://www.htslib.org/ FlowJo v10.9.0 BD Biosciences https://www.flowjo.com/ (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117074, March 24, 2026 17
Sequencing:Article Title: De novo recovery of Ghana virus, an African bat Henipavirus, reveals differential tropism and attenuated pathogenicity compared to Nipah virus.
Article Snippet: .. Recombinant Nipah Virus encoding GhVRBP (rNiV GhV-RBP ) GLuc-P2A-eGFP reporter This study Constructed in-house based on Malaysia strain UMMC1 (GenBank: AY029767.1) and GhV strain Eid_hel/GH-M74a/GHA/2009 (NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_025256.1) Biological samples Primary human astrocytes (HAs) ScienCell Research laboratories Cat# 1800 Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) ScienCell Research laboratories Cat# 8000 Primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) ScienCell Research laboratories Cat# 1000 Primary human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) Lonza Bioscience Cat# CC-2547 Primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBECs) Lonza Bioscience Cat# CC-2540 Primary porcine kidney epithelial cells (PPKECs) CellBiologics Cat# P-6034 Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins EIDD-2749 (4 ′ -Fluorouridine) MedChemExpress Cat# HY-146246 GHP-88309 Sigma Aldrich Cat# SML2997 EIDD-1931 (β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine; NHC) MedChemExpress Cat# HY-125033 Remdesivir (GS-5734) MedChemExpress Cat# HY-104077 Favipiravir (T-705) Cellagen Technology Cat# C8705-5 Recombinant Human IFN-beta Protein R&D Systems Cat# 8499-IF Critical commercial assays Pierce TM Gaussia Luciferase Glow Assay Kit Thermo Scientific Cat# 16161 Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat# E2940 Nano-Glo® HiBiT Lytic Detection System Promega Cat# N3040 (Continued on next page) 16 Cell Reports 45, 117074, March 24, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Direct-zol TM RNA Miniprep Kit Zymo Research Cat# R2052 Direct RNA Sequencing Kit Oxford Nanopore Technologies Cat# SQK-RNA004 Deposited data Whole-genome sequencing of rGhV M-GS * stocks This study NCBI BioProject: PRJNA1284405 Direct RNA sequencing (Nanopore) of rGhV M-GS * infected CHO-B2 cells This study NCBI BioProject: PRJNA1307648 Numerical data underlying figures This study Mendeley Data: https://doi.org/10.17632/ rjgcxt4cxr.1 Experimental models: cell lines BSR-T7/5 Karl-Klaus Conzelmann RRID:CVCL_RW96 Vero CCL-81 ATCC Cat# CCL-81; RRID:CVCL_0059 HEK-293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 BKT1 Maeda et al., 2008 RRID:CVCL_YZ67 FBKT1 Maeda et al., 2008 RRID: CVCL_YZ69 ZFBK11-97 Maruyama et al., 2014 RRID: CVCL_YZ74 ZFBS13-75A Maruyama et al., 2016 RRID: CVCL_YZ77 EidNi/41.2 Susanne et al., 2011 RRID:CVCL_RX13 ZFBK13-75 van Tol et al., 2023 N/A CHO-B2 Negrete et al., 2006 N/A CHO-B3 Negrete et al., 2006 N/A Experimental models: organisms/strains Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Envigo N/A Oligonucleotides EFNB2 Primer for RT-qPCR (Forward) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -AGGGACTCCGTGTGGAAGTA-3 ′ EFNB2 Primer for RT-qPCR (Reverse) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -AGAGTCCACTTTGGGGCAAAT-3 ′ EFNB3 Primer for RT-qPCR (Forward) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -TCTCCGCTTCACCATCAAGT-3 ′ EFNB3 Primer for RT-qPCR (Reverse) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -TCGGAGAAGCACCTTCATGC-3 ′ GAPDH Primer for RT-qPCR (Forward) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -TCAAGGGCATCCTGGGCTA-3 ′ GAPDH Primer for RT-qPCR (Reverse) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -ACCACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCAA-3 ′ Recombinant DNA Recombinant Ghana virus reverse genetics plasmids (N, P, L, and antigenome constructs) This study GenBank: PX138233-PX138236 Codon-optimized T7 RNA polyermase Yun et al., 2015 Addgene #65974 Software and algorithms GraphPad Prism 10.3.1 GraphPad Software https://www.graphpad.com/ UCSF ChimeraX UCSF https://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimerax/ ImageJ ImageJ https://imagej.net/ij/ MEGA X MEGA https://www.megasoftware.net/ AlphaFold3 Server Google DeepMind and Isomorphic Labs https://alphafoldserver.com/ MinKNOW 24.11.8 Oxford Nanopore Technologies https://nanoporetech.com/document/ experiment-companion-minknow Dorado (basecalling) Oxford Nanopore Technologies Release 7.6.7 Minimap2 Li et al., 2018 https://github.com/lh3/minimap2 SAMtools Danecek er al., 2021 https://www.htslib.org/ FlowJo v10.9.0 BD Biosciences https://www.flowjo.com/ (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117074, March 24, 2026 17
Luciferase:Article Title: De novo recovery of Ghana virus, an African bat Henipavirus, reveals differential tropism and attenuated pathogenicity compared to Nipah virus.
Article Snippet: .. Recombinant Nipah Virus encoding GhVRBP (rNiV GhV-RBP ) GLuc-P2A-eGFP reporter This study Constructed in-house based on Malaysia strain UMMC1 (GenBank: AY029767.1) and GhV strain Eid_hel/GH-M74a/GHA/2009 (NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_025256.1) Biological samples Primary human astrocytes (HAs) ScienCell Research laboratories Cat# 1800 Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) ScienCell Research laboratories Cat# 8000 Primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) ScienCell Research laboratories Cat# 1000 Primary human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) Lonza Bioscience Cat# CC-2547 Primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBECs) Lonza Bioscience Cat# CC-2540 Primary porcine kidney epithelial cells (PPKECs) CellBiologics Cat# P-6034 Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins EIDD-2749 (4 ′ -Fluorouridine) MedChemExpress Cat# HY-146246 GHP-88309 Sigma Aldrich Cat# SML2997 EIDD-1931 (β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine; NHC) MedChemExpress Cat# HY-125033 Remdesivir (GS-5734) MedChemExpress Cat# HY-104077 Favipiravir (T-705) Cellagen Technology Cat# C8705-5 Recombinant Human IFN-beta Protein R&D Systems Cat# 8499-IF Critical commercial assays Pierce TM Gaussia Luciferase Glow Assay Kit Thermo Scientific Cat# 16161 Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat# E2940 Nano-Glo® HiBiT Lytic Detection System Promega Cat# N3040 (Continued on next page) 16 Cell Reports 45, 117074, March 24, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Direct-zol TM RNA Miniprep Kit Zymo Research Cat# R2052 Direct RNA Sequencing Kit Oxford Nanopore Technologies Cat# SQK-RNA004 Deposited data Whole-genome sequencing of rGhV M-GS * stocks This study NCBI BioProject: PRJNA1284405 Direct RNA sequencing (Nanopore) of rGhV M-GS * infected CHO-B2 cells This study NCBI BioProject: PRJNA1307648 Numerical data underlying figures This study Mendeley Data: https://doi.org/10.17632/ rjgcxt4cxr.1 Experimental models: cell lines BSR-T7/5 Karl-Klaus Conzelmann RRID:CVCL_RW96 Vero CCL-81 ATCC Cat# CCL-81; RRID:CVCL_0059 HEK-293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 BKT1 Maeda et al., 2008 RRID:CVCL_YZ67 FBKT1 Maeda et al., 2008 RRID: CVCL_YZ69 ZFBK11-97 Maruyama et al., 2014 RRID: CVCL_YZ74 ZFBS13-75A Maruyama et al., 2016 RRID: CVCL_YZ77 EidNi/41.2 Susanne et al., 2011 RRID:CVCL_RX13 ZFBK13-75 van Tol et al., 2023 N/A CHO-B2 Negrete et al., 2006 N/A CHO-B3 Negrete et al., 2006 N/A Experimental models: organisms/strains Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Envigo N/A Oligonucleotides EFNB2 Primer for RT-qPCR (Forward) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -AGGGACTCCGTGTGGAAGTA-3 ′ EFNB2 Primer for RT-qPCR (Reverse) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -AGAGTCCACTTTGGGGCAAAT-3 ′ EFNB3 Primer for RT-qPCR (Forward) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -TCTCCGCTTCACCATCAAGT-3 ′ EFNB3 Primer for RT-qPCR (Reverse) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -TCGGAGAAGCACCTTCATGC-3 ′ GAPDH Primer for RT-qPCR (Forward) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -TCAAGGGCATCCTGGGCTA-3 ′ GAPDH Primer for RT-qPCR (Reverse) MilliporeSigma 5 ′ -ACCACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCAA-3 ′ Recombinant DNA Recombinant Ghana virus reverse genetics plasmids (N, P, L, and antigenome constructs) This study GenBank: PX138233-PX138236 Codon-optimized T7 RNA polyermase Yun et al., 2015 Addgene #65974 Software and algorithms GraphPad Prism 10.3.1 GraphPad Software https://www.graphpad.com/ UCSF ChimeraX UCSF https://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimerax/ ImageJ ImageJ https://imagej.net/ij/ MEGA X MEGA https://www.megasoftware.net/ AlphaFold3 Server Google DeepMind and Isomorphic Labs https://alphafoldserver.com/ MinKNOW 24.11.8 Oxford Nanopore Technologies https://nanoporetech.com/document/ experiment-companion-minknow Dorado (basecalling) Oxford Nanopore Technologies Release 7.6.7 Minimap2 Li et al., 2018 https://github.com/lh3/minimap2 SAMtools Danecek er al., 2021 https://www.htslib.org/ FlowJo v10.9.0 BD Biosciences https://www.flowjo.com/ (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117074, March 24, 2026 17
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